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A water sample is run through an ion exchanger in which all of the cations are replaced with hydrogen ions. The sulfate is determined through titration in the presence of a previously prepared barium chloride solution, of which a known amount in excess of that required is added in advance. The quantity is measured by complexometric titration. The difference between the initial concentration of barium chloride and the amount determined by back titration corresponds to the sulfate content.

In many cases, particularly at higher contents, an alternative and sufficiently accurate measurement is possible, called the “negative m value” or the “total mineral acid value” (without carbonic acid). This is achieved through titration. Subsequently, the mval values for the anions (Cl^-, NO₃^-, NO₂^-, PO₄^3-) are subtracted from the result.

Evaluation of the appearance of hop cones is performed through visual inspection and sensory assessment.

This method is based upon on the fact that the β-glucan-rich cell walls of the endosperm are progressively broken down during malting. This process can be made visible by staining the cell walls that are still intact with the fluorochrome Calcofluor, which exclusively binds β-glucans starting at a molecular weight of approx. 10,000 D. 

Modification is revealed by allowing the barley kernels, which have been cut in half, to react with Calcofluor (with Fast Green as a contrast medium). The kernels are subsequently examined under UV light (365 nm) in a suitable analyzer device. An intense, bright blue fluorescence occurs where unmodified endosperm cells are present, while the modified parts appear dark blue.

A cation exchanger based upon a sulfonated, crosslinked styrene/divinylbenzene copolymer is used to determine various organic acids in wort. Due to the high ligand density, the separation mechanism is based upon a combination of ion exclusion, ligand exclusion and steric exclusion; detection is performed using a UV detector.

The iodine test is performed to determine the time required for saccharification during mashing. It is to be evaluated based on the type of malt used for mashing. 

The Kolbach index is used to express the quantity of the nitrogenous substances found in malt, which go into solution under the conditions present during the Congress mash method. It is a measure of the degree of proteolytic modification of the malt and also provides an indication for the quantity of proteolytic enzymes contained in the malt. The Kolbach index is less conclusive than other methods due to its dependence on the total nitrogen content and the provenance of the barley. Therefore, it must always be considered together with the total nitrogen content.