The method describes how to determine the nickel content of water using atomic absorption spectrometry. The nickel content of drinking water is generally below 10 µg/l; however, higher concentrations are found in some wells. If nickel-plated fittings are employed in piping systems, the nickel concentration of the water may increase.
Water intended for use as an ingredient in the production of beer (brewing liquor) or other foods
The nickel content is determined by employing a flameless method which utilizes graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. This technique is suitable for determining the nickel content of water with very little nickel contamination. Any matrix effects can be eliminated by using the standard additions calibration technique.
An aliquot of the sample is dosed into a graphite tube and is subsequently subjected to a program comprising a three-step temperature regime through electrothermic resistance heating. As the temperature increases in each step, the consecutive steps include drying, matrix pyrolysis (incineration) and thermal dissociation into free atoms (atomization). These can be carried out separately. During the analysis, the graphite tube is under an inert gas atmosphere (argon).
Also important for graphite furnace AAS is background correction, which can be achieved using a continuum radiation source (deuterium) or through the Zeemann effect. Background correction with the Zeemann effect is used for particularly difficult sample matrices.
A hollow-cathode lamp usually serves as the light source.